{"text_format":"2","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":2,"sheets":["State Responses","Sheet1"],"not_rendered":{"charts":0,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":0,"defined_names":1,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"run_cost":"one","rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"State Responses","index":0,"n_rows":12,"n_cols":35,"rows_kept":12,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[0,28,0,31],[0,32,0,34],[0,0,1,0],[0,9,0,13],[0,19,0,23],[0,14,0,18],[0,24,0,27],[0,1,0,4],[0,5,0,8]]}
[null,"Jurisdictional Issues",null,null,null,"Jurisdictional Issues",null,null,null,"Driver Safety",{"$nulls":4},"Vehicle Safety",{"$nulls":4},"Insurance",{"$nulls":4},"Rates",null,null,null,"Miscellaneous Issues",null,null,null,"Miscellaneous Issues"]
[null,"Regulating Body","How did your state determine whether it has jurisdiction over TNCs?","Does your state regulate TNCs as a whole or on a case by case basis?","Public Demand or Need","Geographic Scope of Authority","Legislative Activity","State Approach to TNCs                              (pro-competition or pro-regulation)","Taxes and Assessments","Criminal Background Checks","Driving History Record Check","Drug or Alcohol Policy","Fingerprinting","Other","Inspections","Trade Dress","Vehicle Age or Mileage Requirement","Definition of \"Personal Vehicle\"","Lease or Own","Stage 0:                              Driver is using the car as his/her own personal vehicle","Stage 1:                                   Driver has the app open and is waiting for a match","Stage 2:                                                Driver has made a match and is driving to pick up the passenger","Stage 3:                                                      Driver has paying passengers in the car","All Stages","Pricing Structure","Tariff","Surge pricing","Ridesharing/ fare splitting","Handicap Accessibility","Unaccompanied Minors","Use of TNCs as Delivery Service","Enforcement Action","Environmental Impacts of TNCs","Are the requirements for TNCs the same or different than the requirements for taxis?","Relevant/Useful Citations"]
["Pennsylvania","The Philadelphia Parking Authority (PPA) has jurisdiction over TNCs in Philadelphia.  The PA Public Utility Commission (PUC) has jurisdiction over TNCs that operate in the rest of the state. ","TNC service does not fit squarely within any of the existing motor carrier categories in our regulations.  As a temporary measure, the PA PUC granted TNCs \"Experimental Authority\" for a 2 year period.             ","Because TNC service does not fit within any of existing  motor carrier categories in our regulations and PA has not passed TNC legislation, we have addressed TNC applications on a case by case basis, meaning that each TNC operating in PA currently has slightly different requirements.   ","Motor carriers in PA must demonstrate that the service fulfills some useful public purpose and is responsive to a public demand or need.  The PA PUC required TNCs to meet this standard as part of their experimental authority.  It should be noted though that the PUC is in the process of eliminating this \"need\" requirement for motor carriers and has already done so for household goods carriers. \n","Some TNCs have statewide authority and some have authority that is limited to certain counties, depending on what they requested and where they were able to demonstrate a \"need.\" However, if PA eliminates the \"need\" requirement, it will then be much easier for all motor carriers to possess statewide authority, including TNCs. ","PA has not passed legislation to address TNCs.  However, there are bills pending in the PA legislature and if one passes, the requirements set forth in the chart have the potential to change.","Pro-competition without losing sight of the obligation to protect the traveling public.","TNCs pay assessments to the PUC based on reported gross PA intrastate revenues.","TNCs must conduct local and national criminal background checks, that includes the Multi-State/Juris Criminal Records Locator and Sex Offender Registry database.  A match on the sex offender registry for a conviction that appears on a criminal background check, within the past 7 years for crimes of violence, sexual abuse, felony, robbery, or felony fraud automatically and permanently disqualifies an applicant. TNCs must conduct criminal background checks on drivers annually.","A conviction that appears on a driving history check within the past 7 years for aggravated reckless driving, driving under the influence, hit and run, attempting to evade the police, or the use of a motor vehicle to commit a crime, or a conviction that appears in the previous 3 years for driving on a suspended/revoked license, automatically disqualifies an applicant for TNC service. Driving history checks must be done annually on TNC drivers.","TNC companies must have a zero tolerance policy for their drivers regarding the use of drugs/alcohol while providing TNC service.  ","n/a","TNC drivers must possess a valid driver's licenses, proof of registration, proof of insurance and be at least 21 years old","TNC vehicles must complete annual state department of transportation vehicle safety inspections. TNC companies must keep records of these inspections for at least 3 years.","TNC vehicles must be properly marked.","TNC vehicles cannot be older than 10 model years in age or 350,000 miles (or twelve model years in age for alternatively fueled vehicles). ","n/a","TNCs may lease drivers a vehicle to operate, or allow a driver to use their own personal vehicle for TNC service.","Driver's personal insurance applies. But to prevent any denial of coverage, drivers must notify their insurance companies (in writing) of their intent to drive for a TNC. ","$50,000/$100,000/$25,000 of primary coverage.","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident; $1 million of uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage per incident; and $50,000 of contingent comprehensive and collision insurance. ","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident; $1 million of uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage per incident; and $50,000 of contingent comprehensive and collision insurance. ","TNCs must inform drivers of the insurance coverage provided in all stages; TNC must instruct the driver regarding appropriate protocol to be followed in the case of an accident; TNC insurance provider must provide evidence of insurance to the PUC by submitting a Form E","Flexible pricing","TNC must file a tariff with the PUC to describe the nature of the flexible rates.  ","Surge pricing allowed (except when a state of disaster emergency is declared by the Governor of Pennsylvania), but prior to booking a ride, passengers must be advised of the applicable rates and have the option for an estimated fare.  TNCs must also give passengers a receipt (electronic receipt is okay).","n/a","n/a","n/a","In its compliance filing, Rasier-PA requested a waiver of 52 Pa. Code § 29.313(e) (carrier may not carry packages or parcels unless accompanied by a passenger).  The PUC denied this waiver request which would have given Rasier-PA the ability to deliver products without an accompanying passenger.  ","Yes, the PA PUC has enforcement power over motor carriers who operate without a certificate or outside the bounds of the certificate.","n/a","Currently, taxis are held to different standards which are set forth in the PUC regulations in Chapter 52 of the Pennsylvania Code (Subpart B).","Raiser-PA Experimental Authority proceeding:                             Docket Nos. A-2014-2424608 and A-2014-2416127                                                            Lyft Experimental Authority proceeding:                                      Docket Nos. A-2014-2415047 and A-2014-2415045                                                         Rulemaking to Eliminate the \"Need\" Requirement:                                            Docket No. L-2015-2507592                                                                                                    Rulemaking to Change the Vehicle Age/Mileage Limit:                                    Docket No. L-2013-2349042                                                                                      Experimental Authority for Motor Carriers:                                                           52 Pa. Code §§ 29.352"]
["Alabama","Local municipalities have jurisdiction over TNCs operating solely within their police jurisdiction or between contiguous municipalities.  The Public Service Commission has jurisdiction over TNCs that operate outside the jurisdiction of the municipalities.","TNC service falls within the statutory definition of common carrier.","To date, no TNC has applied for PSC authority.  Any application would be handled on a case by case basis.  No TNC legislation has been enacted.  Several municipalities have enacted TNC ordinances and have licensed TNC carriers.","Motor carriers in Alabama must demonstrate that the service will be required by the present or future public convenience and necessity and the PSC must consider whether the existing transportation service of all kinds is adequate to meet the reasonable public needs.","The PSC grants authority based on the geographic area requested by the applicant and whether they are able to demonstrate a need.","No legislation has been passed.  There are two bills pending in the current session that address aspects of TNCs, but neither is a comprehensive treatment of TNCs.","The PSC operates within the confines of the governing statute which dates to 1939.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carrier applicants pay a one time application fee of $100.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers are not required to conduct criminal background checks.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers may not permit persons convicted of certain motor vehicle related offenses from driving a motor vehicle within 1 year, 3 years, or 10 years of the conviction, depending on the circumstances.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers may not allow persons under the influence of drugs/alcohol to operate a motor vehicle","N/A","No TNC specific requirements, general rules applicable to all motor carriers would apply.","No TNC specific rules.  Inspections are not required of motor carriers, but they must be in compliance with safety rules and are subject to random inspections.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carrier vehicles must be properly marked.","No TNC specific rule.  No age or mileage requirement for motor carriers as long as vehicles meet safety requirements.","N/A","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers may own or lease vehicle.","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers must meet insurance requirements that vary according to vehicle size and capacity.","No TNC specific rules.  Motor carriers must file a tariff and charge rates in conformance with the tariff.","No TNC specific rule.  Motor carriers must file a tariff.","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","No TNC specific rule.  Motor carrier would be required to have additional property authority to carry packages or parcels without a passenger.","The PSC has enforcement power but all PSC enforcement officers have been transferred to the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency.","N/A","No separate TNC requirements.  No separate taxi requirements except with regard to vehicle marking.","Title 37, Chapter 3, Code of Alabama, 1975; Alabama Public Service Commission Motor Carrier General Orders Rules and Regulations Pamphlet No. 2003"]
["Arkansas","The Arkansas Public Service Commission has jurisdiction over TNCs that operate in the state.  ","Exclusive jurisdiction over the TNCs was given to the PSC by the Arkansas State Legislature.  ","The PSC developed rules that govern all motor carries  defined as TNCs.  ","TNCs were not required to demonstrate need or public demand for their services.","Currently, TNCs only operate in two cities: Little Rock and Fayetteville, but are not restricted from operating in other cities in Arkansas.","The Arkansas Legislature passed new law giving the PSC authority to permit and govern TNCs in Arkansas. ","Pro-competition.","TNCs pay an annual permit fee to the PSC.  The TNCs have also negioated fees with airports.","TNCs must conduct, or have a third party conduct, a state and national criminal background check for each applicant that includes searching:  (A) A multistate and multijurisdictional criminal records locator or other similar commercial nationwide database with validation of primary source searches; and (B) The National Sex Offender Registry database.  An applicant driver is disqualified if he/she has had more than three moving violations or one major violation within the previous three years or has been convicted within the past seven years of driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, fraud, a sexual offense, using a motor vehicle to commit a felony, or a crime involving property damage, theft, acts of violence, or acts of terror.","An applicant driver is disqualified if he/she has had more than three moving violations or one major violation within the previous three years or has been convicted within the past seven years of driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, fraud, a sexual offense, using a motor vehicle to commit a felony, or a crime involving property damage, theft, acts of violence, or acts of terror.","TNC Companies must have a zero-tolerance policy prohibiting the use of drugs and alcohol while providing TNC services or is logged into the TNC's website. ","N/A","TNC drivers must possess a valid driver's licenses, proof of registration, proof of liability insurance and be at least 19 years old","TNC vehicles must complete an initial state department of transportation vehicle safety inspection within 90 days of beginning service. ","N/A","N/A","N/A","TNC driver may own or lease their personal vehicle.","Driver's personal insurance applies. ","$50,000/$100,000/$25,000 of primary coverage.  Coverage requirement may be satisfied by driver, the TNC or combination.","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident for death, bodily injury, and property damage.  ","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident for death, bodily injury, and property damage.  ","A TNC must disclose in writing to TNC drivers, the insurance coverage, including the types of coverage and the limits for each coverage, that the TNC provides while the TNC driver uses a personal vehicle in connection with a TNC's digital network; and that the TNC driver's own automobile insurance policy might not provide any coverage while the TNC driver is logged on to the transportation network company's digital network and is available to receive prearranged ride requests or is engaged in a prearranged ride, depending on the terms of the insurance policy.\n","Flexible Pricing","N/A","Surge pricing allowed, but prior to booking a ride, passengers must be advised of the applicable rates and have the option for an estimated fare.  TNCs must also give passengers a receipt (electronic receipt is okay).","N/A","A TNC must comply with all applicable laws regarding nondiscrimination against passengers, must comply with all applicable laws to accommodate service animals.  A TNC cannot impose additional charges to a person with a physical disability because of the disalility.  If a TNC cannot provide a wheelchair accessible vehicle, the TNC must direct the passenger to an alternate provider.  ","N/A","N/A","The AR PSC may fine a TNC $1,000 per violation or $5,000 for a knowing violation. ",null,"Taxis are held to a different standard and are regulated by the city in which they operate. ","AR PSC Docket No. 15-052-R and Arkansas Legislative Acts 1050 and 1267 of 2015. "]
["California","The California Public Utilities Commission (CA PUC) has established TNC rules regarding driver safety, vehicle safety, data/reporting, and implemented state statutes regarding requirements to obtain TNC insurance and employer pull notice program (i.e., checking driving records) participation.","The CA PUC's decision that first established TNC rules determined that TNCs are (a subset of) charter-party carriers (TCP), over which the CA PUC has regulatory authority. The CA PUC relied on Public Utilities (PU) Code §701 to develop \"new categories of regulation when a new technology disrupts an existing industry.\"","For the most part, as a whole. The CA PUC regulates the TNC company but not the drivers. Certain additional requirements, namely fingerprint background checks, apply to passenger carriers (including TNCs) that engage primarily in transporting unaccompanied minors.\n\nNote: Uber services that contract with TCPs to perform the transportation service are as yet unregulated, except for an agreement with the CA PUC's Safety and Enforcement Division."," TCPs (including TNCs) are not required to demonstrate a public demand or need.\n\nPassenger carriers over which the CA PUC has jurisdiction fall into several categories, the largest being passenger stage corporations (PSCs) and TCPs. PSC applicants are required to demonstrate their proposed service is \"required by public convenience and necessity,\" although this refers more specifically to carriers' financial and organizational capability to operate the proposed service. Pursuant to SB 1840 (2006), State law no longer requires the CA PUC to consider market conditions with respect to PSC applications.","Statewide.","The state legislature has adopted requirements regarding TNC insurance and participation in the Dept. of Motor Vehicle's employer pull notice program (i.e., checking driving records). Current and future legislative proposals could modify or establish new TNC rules.","Focused on public safety and consumer protection while also encouraging innovation.","All TCPs, including TNCs, are required to remit one-third of one percent of gross intrastate revenues to the Public Utilities Commission Transportation Reimbursement Account (\"PUCTRA fees\").\n\nLicensing fees are $1000 for new permits, $100 to renew (must renew every 3 years).","When:\nPrior to allowing a driver on the platform\n\nWhat/how:\nNational criminal background check including the national sex offender database. The criminal background check must use the applicant’s social security number and not just the applicant’s name. Fingerprinting is not currently required.\n\nCriteria:\nAny felony criminal conviction within seven years prior to the date of the background check for driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, fraud, use of a motor vehicle to commit a felony, a violent crime or act of terror, a sexual offense, a crime involving property damage, and/or theft will make the applicant ineligible to be a TNC driver.","When:\nPrior to allowing a driver on the platform, and enroll active drivers in the DMV's employer pull notice program (to receive notification of changes to a driver's record).\n\nCriteria:\n- No more than 3 points within the preceding 3 years\n- No “major violations” (reckless driving, hit and run, or driving with a suspended license conviction) within the preceding 3 years\n- No driving under the influence conviction within the past 7 years.","TNC zero tolerance policy must include: \n- TNC website, mobile application and riders’ receipts must include notice/information on the TNC’s zero-tolerance policy and the methods to report a suspected driver.\n- Website and mobile application must also include a phone number or in-app call function and email address to report the zero-tolerance complaint; and the CA PUC's passenger complaint phone number and email address.\n- Promptly after a zero-tolerance complaint is filed, the TNC shall suspend the driver for further investigation.","Not currently required*, except for passenger carriers that engage primarily in transporting unaccompanied minors, as part of the Trustline registration process.\n\n*The Commission intends to issue a  ruling by the end of June 2016 posing questions about background checks and establishing the identity of drivers through methods such as fingerprinting.","- Driver training program\n- TNC drivers shall be required to provide proof of both their personal insurance and the commercial insurance in the case of an accident.\n- TNC app must display for the passenger: 1) a picture of the driver, and 2) a picture of the vehicle the driver is approved to use, including the license plate number to identify the vehicle.","When:\nPrior to allowing a vehicle to be driven as part of the TNC’s service, and every 12 months or 50,000 miles thereafter, whichever occurs first.\n\nA facility licensed by the California Bureau of Automotive Repair shall conduct and ensure that each vehicle passes a 19-point vehicle inspection.","TNC vehicles shall display consistent trade dress (i.e., distinctive signage or display on the vehicle) in the front and rear of the vehicle when providing TNC services that is sufficiently large and color contrasted as to be readable during daylight hours at a distance of at least 50 feet. The trade dress shall be sufficient to allow a passenger, government official, or member of the public to associate a vehicle with a particular TNC (or licensed transportation provider). Acceptable forms of trade dress include, but are not limited to, symbols or signs on vehicle doors, roofs, or grills, or placed in the front and rear windshields. Magnetic or removable trade dress is acceptable.\nTNCs shall file a photograph of their trade dress with the Safety and Enforcement Division.","Currently no requirements, other than the 50,000 mile inspection.","Currently no explicit requirements.\n\n*The Phase II Proposed Decision included a definition of personal vehicle so as to allow leased vehicles with a term of at least four months to meet the definition. Decision 16-04-041 states that the Commission will issue a separate ruling posing questions about the definition of a personal vehicle.","Leasing is not explicitly restricted (related to definition of \"personal vehicle\")","No explicit statute, assume that driver's personal insurance applies.","$50,000/$100,000/$30,000 of primary coverage, $200,000 excess (per occurrence).","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident. ","$1 million of primary liability coverage per incident; and $1 million of uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage per incident. ","TNCs must inform drivers of the insurance coverage and limits of liability; must also disclose that drivers' personal insurance will not provide collision or comprehensive coverage while drivers provide TNC services.","No explicit requirements except (1) charges must be based on time or distance or a combination thereof; and (2) charges shall not be on an individual-fare basis. See PUC §5401","No tariffs required.","No restrictions on surge pricing.","Decision 16-04-041 permits TNCs to engage in fare-splitting operations, subject to several requirements to report/verify that those operations comply with PUC §5401.","TNCs must submit a plan \"to explain how they plan to ensure that this new form of transportation service does not create a divide between the able and disabled communities.\"","The CA PUC adopted a set of additional requirements for passenger carriers that engage primarily in transporting unaccompanied minors, in Decision 97-07-063. A key component of these requirements is for drivers to be registered in the state's Trustline program.","No explicit rules regarding TNC delivery services.","Yes, the CA PUC has enforcement power over motor carriers who operate without a permit/certificate or outside the bounds of the permit/certificate.","Focus is limited to TNCs that are engaged in fare-splitting operations.","For the most part, taxi regulation in California is at the city/county level. Requirements vary with respect to (among other things) driver training, background checks, pricing, handicap accessibility.","TNC rulemaking proceeding:\nRulemaking (R.)12-12-011. Decision 13-09-045 (in this proceeding) established the first set of TNC rules in California. Decision 16-04-041 (adopted 4/21/16) modified the TNC rules.\nAdditional requirements for passenger carriers that engage primarily in transporting minors:\nDecision 97-07-063\nPassenger Charter-party Carriers' Act:\nCA Public Utilities Code §5351-5444\nTNC insurance requirements:\nCA Public Utilities Code §5430-5443\nTNC Employer Pull Notice requirement:\nCA Public Utilities Code §5444\nTerms of settlement between Uber and CA PUC's Safety and Enforcement Division for Uber TCP service:\nAccessible at http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=4317"]
["Colorado","The Colorado Public Utilities Commission has jurisdiction over the regulation of TNCs operating within Colorado","When TNC services came to Colorado, the offered services did not fit squarely within any of the existing motor carrier categories or regulations. The Colorado Legislature passed a bill defining TNC services and how they were to be regulated by the PUC ","TNC services are now statutorily defined. The companies providing said services are regulated by the Colorado PUC to the extent authorized by the Legislature.","Determining public demand or need is not a prerequisite for market entry. A permit to operate as a TNC is required and the PUC must issue a permit if the application fee is paid, proper insurance is filed, and the operations meet the requirements set forth in statute.","There are no geographic restrictions. TNCs may operate statewide.","There is no pending legislation regarding TNCs. The legislation governing TNC operations was signed into law in the year 2014.","Pro-Competion ","TNCs pay an annual fee to renew their permit. Fees offset the cost of regulation.","Before permitting an individual to act as a driver  a TNC must conduct a national criminal history record check, including a check of the national sex offender database. The record check must be repeated at least once every fiver years while serving as a driver. TNCs have the option of submitting their drivers to a fingerprint based check or using a privately administered check.","Before permitting an individual to act as a driver, the TNC must obtain and review a driving history research report which at a minimum includes any moving violations within the United States for the three year period preceding the individual's application. An individual with more than three moving violations or a major moving violation (including vehicular eluding, reckless driving, and driving under restraint) within the three year period preceding the individual's application shall not serve as a driver. A TNC must obtain and review a driving history research report for each driver at least once every 12 months.","A TNC shall have and enforce a policy that a driver shall not operate any personal vehicle if the\ndriver is under the influence or uses any drug or substance that renders the driver incapable of\nsafely operating a personal vehicle","Optional","A TNC shall not permit a person to act as a driver unless the person is at least 21 years of age;\nhas a valid driver’s license; is medically qualified to drive as required by rule 6713; and is not\ndisqualified to drive based on the results of the driving history research report required by rule\n6711 or the criminal history record check required by rule 6712.","TNC vehicles must pass a 19 point inspection prior to approval for use on a TNC Network. Periodic inspections at intervals of at least one inspection per year are also required. PUC inspectors conduct random vehicle inspections throughout the year.","A TNC shall require that a driver displays the TNC’s vehicle marking in or on the personal vehicle while\nlogged in to a TNC's digital network. The TNC shall file a description and location of vehicle markings\nthat drivers are required to display. Vehicle marking shall be readily visible during daylight hours from the\nfront or passenger side of the vehicle at a distance of 50 feet, but in no case be less than three inches\ntall.","n/a","A personal vehicle must have at least four doors and be designed  to carry no more than eight passengers, including the driver","State Law and PUC rules are silent on this issue.","Driver's personal insurance applies. ","Primary automobile insurance coverage that recognizes that the driver is a TNC driver while logged into a TNC network and meets the following minimum coverage of $50,000 per person per accident. $100,000 to all persons per accident; and $30,000 for property damage in any one accident.  ","“Prearranged ride” means a period of time that begins when a driver accepts a requested ride through a digital network, continues while the driver transports the rider in a personal vehicle,\nand ends when the rider departs from the personal vehicle.   During a prearranged ride At least $1M primary liability insurance coverage per incident. ","“Prearranged ride” means a period of time that begins when a driver accepts a requested ride\nthrough a digital network, continues while the driver transports the rider in a personal vehicle,\nand ends when the rider departs from the personal vehicle.   During a prearranged ride At least $1M primary liability insurance coverage per incident. "," TNC insurance provider must provide evidence of insurance to the PUC by submitting PUC prescribed Form T ($1M) and Form P ($50K/$100K/$30K)","Not regulated","Not required","Not regulated","Not regulated","n/a","n/a","Intrastate for-hire transportation of property is not regulated in Colorado. (exception: Hazmat)","The CO PUC has limited enforcement power over TNCs that operate in Colorado. Rules may be promulgated  concerning administration, fees and safety requirements. ",null,"Different but similar. Statutorily TNCs are not motor carriers and rulemaking authority is limited regarding TNCs.  ","Colorado Revised Statutes 40-10.1, Part 6. Code of Colorado Regulations (CCR)  4CCR-723-6."]
["Montana","The Montana Public Service Commission has limited jurisdiction over the TNC's in the state of MT.  See Title 69, Chapter 12, Montana Code Annotated.","The Montana Legislature created a separate class for TNCs, Class E, in § 69-12-340, MCA. ","Pursuant to Montana law establishing TNCs as a separate class of regulated motor carrier, the Public Service Commission regulates that class as a whole.","TNCs do not need to demonstrate public demand or need to obtain authority to operate in Montana. TNCs apply to the Public Service Commission for a \"Certificate of Compliance.\" The Public Service Commissions decides whether to grant a Certificate of Compliance upon a determination of whether the TNC is \"fit, willing, and able to provide the authorized service\" pursuant to § 69-12-415, MCA. ","Montana law is silent on the geographic scope of authority. One TNC has received a Certificate of Compliance from the Public Service Commission with statewide authority.","The 2015 Montana Legislature changed the laws for Motor Carriers in the State of Montana by passing SB 396, which created a separate motor carrier class for TNCs.","Pro-competition balanced with public safety."," TNCs pay a $500 application fee, of which, $300 is refunded if no hearing occurs.","Neither Montana law nor Public Service Commission rules require criminal background checks.","The Public Service Commission may audit a TNC, but not more than twice annually. The Commission can request and the TNC  must provide up to 1,000 unique identification numbers corresponding to individual TNC drivers. The Commission may then obtain from the TNC copies of records held by the TNC for up to 10 drivers, identified only by identification number. ","No policy","Not required",null,"Not required","None specified","None","No definition","A TNC does not own, control, operate or manage the vehicles used by TNC drivers and is not a taxicab association of a for hire vehicle owner.","Primary motor vehicle liability insurance in the amount of at least $50,000 for death and bodily injury per person, $100,000 for death and bodily injury per incident, and $25,000 for property damage","Same as Stage 0","Same as Stage 0","While a TNC driver is engaged in a prearranged ride, the motor vehicle liability insurance policy must provide primary motor vehicle liability insurance that provides at least $1,000,000 for death, bodily injury, and property damage. \n","TNC shall disclose in writing to a driver the following before the driver is allowed to accept a request for a prearranged ride on the TNC's digital network: (1) the insurance coverage, including the types of coverage and the limits for each coverage, that the TNC provides while the driver is using a personal vehicle in connection with the TNC's digital network; and (2) that the driver's personal motor vehicle liability insurance policy might not provide any liability or optional coverages while the driver is logged on to the TNC's digital network and is able to receive transportation requests or is engaged in a prearranged ride, depending on its terms.\n\n","Not regulated","Not required","Not regulated","Not regulated","Not required","Not addressed in Montana law or Public Service Commission rules","Not addressed in Montana law or Public Service Commission rules","Yes, the Public Service Commission has enforcement power over TNCs that operate without a certificate of authority or that operate outside the approved scope of authority.",null,"TNC requirements are different than requirements for taxis.  TNCs are not required to file tariffs and are not rate regulated.","Title 69, Chapter 12, Montana Code Annotated (2015)"]
["Nebraska","The Nebraska Public Service Commission (NPSC) has jurisdiction over TNCs in the state of Nebraska.","The Nebraska Legislature passed LB 629 in 2015, granting the NPSC jurisdiction over TNCs.","The NPSC regulates TNCs as a whole.","Unlike other passenger carriers, there is no \"need\" requirement for TNCs.","All TNCs currently authorized in Nebraska requested and were granted statewide authority.","LB 629 was passed by the Nebraska Legislature in 2015. There has been no additional legislation related to TNCs since that time.","Pro-competition without losing sight of the obligation to protect the traveling public.","TNCs pay an annual fee to the NPSC on or before January 1. TNCs can choose to pay either a flat fee or a per-vehicle fee.","TNCs must conduct a national criminal history background check which must be at least as comprehensive as a criminal background check performed by the FBI. Fingerprinting is not required. The background check must be performed prior to permitting a person to act as a driver for the TNC.","Four or more moving traffic violations or one or more major traffic violations in 3 years prior to the date of the background check disqualifies a person from serving as a driver. Major traffic violations include failure to stop and report or render aid, reckless driving, speeding of more than 35 mph over the limit, and failure to yield to a pedestrian resulting in bodily injury to a pedestrian. Additionally, convictions, guilty pleas or nolo contendere to driving under the influence in previous 7 years in NE or any other state or use of a motor vehicle to commit a felony will disqualify a person from serving as a driver.","TNCs must have a zero tolerance policy regarding drugs and alcohol while the driver is providing service. These policies must be filed with the NPSC.","n/a","TNC drivers must be at least 21 years old, possess a valid driver's license, proof of registration, and proof of automobile liability insurance. Cannot have been convicted, plead guilty or nolo contendere to any offense involving fraud, a crime involving property damage, theft, acts of violence, acts of terror, or be required to register as a sex offender.","Vehicles must have an initial safety inspection prior to use for the TNC, then performed annually thereafter.","n/a","n/a","Neb. Rev. Stat. §75323(7): personal vehicle means a passenger car as defined in section 60-345 that a driver owns, leases, or is otherwise authorized to use to provide services on a transportation network company's online-enabled application or platform.","TNC drivers use their own personal vehicle for TNC service, which may be leased or owned by the driver.","Driver's personal insurance applies. ","primary minimum coverage of $25,000/$50,000/$25,000 plus uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage through TNC insurance maintained by driver, TNC or combination of the two. ","primary liability coverage of $1 million plus underinsured/uninsured motorist coverage through TNC insurance maintained by driver, TNC or combination of the two. ","minimum coverage of $1 million plus underinsured/uninsured motorist coverage through TNC insurance maintained by driver, TNC or combination of the two. ","TNC must inform drivers of insurance coverage availability, liability limits, and any deductible amounts provided in all stages; and inform driver that personal auto insurance does not provide coverage while on the TNC platform unless an amendment or endorsement is offered. Drivers must carry proof of TNC insurance. TNC must file a certificate of insurance with the NPSC.","TNC may offer service for compensation , no charge, or suggested compensation.","TNC must file its rates with NPSC upon initial application and update when any changes are made.","Dynamic pricing is allowed. Such pricing must be clearly indicated that it is in effect prior to passenger requesting a ride, allow passenger to expressly confirm knowledge of pricing in effect, and provide fare estimator. Dynamic pricing not permitted during state of emergency declared by the Governor.","n/a","n/a","n/a","n/a","NPSC has enforcement power over TNCs that operate without a permit or violate any other statutes, rules or regulations of the NPSC.","n/a","Taxis are held to different standards under Neb. Rev. Stat. §75-301 to 75-322 and Title 291, Ch.3 of Neb. Admin. Code"]
["Nevada","The Nevada Transportation Authority (“NTA”) has jurisdiction over TNCs that operate in the state.","In 2014, Uber launched operations without regulatory authority. The State, through the NTA, commenced litigation and Uber was prohibited from operating statewide because it failed to comply with state laws regulating commercial motor carriers and passenger transportation services. Thereafter, in 2015, the Nevada Legislature passed Assembly Bill No. 176 (“AB 176”), providing for the NTA's regulation of TNCs.","The state, via the NTA, regulates TNCs as a whole.","N/A","The application process does not require the TNC to set forth a  specific geographic scope of authority.","NV passed legislation – AB 176 of the 78th (2015) Session of the Nevada Legislature – to regulate TNCs.","Pro-competition, with responsible regulation.","TNCs pay a regulatory assessment of an amount calculated at a rate of 1 percent of the TNC’s intrastate, gross operating revenue.  TNCs must provide an annual statement to the NTA of its gross operating revenue derived from the NV intrastate operations of the TNC for each year of operation. (AB 176, sec. 50; and TNC regulations LCB File R029-15, Sec. 20)","TNCs must require potential driver’s to submit an application to the TNC.  At the time of application and not less than once every 3 years after, TNC’s must conduct or contract with a third party to conduct an investigation of the criminal history of the applicant, which must include: (1) a review of a commercially available database containing criminal records from each state which are validated using a search of the primary source of each record; and (2) a search of a database containing the information available in the sex offender registry maintained by each state. (AB 176, Sec. 29)","A record of the driving history of the applicant must be included in the potential driver’s initial application to the TNC. A TNC may enter into an agreement with a driver if: (1) in the 3 years immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted, the applicant has not been found guilty of three or more violations of the motor vehicle laws of NV or any traffic ordinance of any city or town, the penalty prescribed for which is a misdemeanor; (2) in the 3 years immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted, the applicant has not been found guilty of any violation of the motor vehicle laws of NV or any traffic ordinance of any city or town, the penalty prescribed for which is a gross misdemeanor or felony; (3) in the 7 years immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted, the applicant has not been found guilty of any violation of federal, state or local law prohibiting driving or being in actual physical control of a vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor or a controlled substance; (4) in the 7 years immediately preceding the date on which the application is submitted, the applicant has not been found guilty of an act of terrorism, an act of violence, a sexual offense, fraud, theft, damage to property of another or the use of a motor vehicle in the commission of a felony. (AB 176, sec. 29)","Effectively, TNC’s must have a zero tolerance policy.  Specifically, a driver is prohibited from consuming, using or being under the influence of any intoxicating liquor or controlled substance during any period in which the driver is providing or is able to provide transportation services on behalf of the TNC.  If the TNC receives a complaint from a passenger who reasonably believes that the driver is/was under the influence of a prohibited substance, the TNC must suspend the driver, and must terminate its agreement with the driver if, following an investigation, the TNC finds that the driver was indeed under the influence of a prohibited substance. (AB 176, sec. 39)","The provisions of AB 176 do not require fingerprint or biometric background checks for TNC driver-partners.","TNC drivers must possess a valid NV driver’s license unless the applicant meets a certain exemption on NV law, proof of registration, proof of insurance, and must be at least 19 years old.  A TNC driver shall not be on call for more than 16 cumulative hours within a period of 24 consecutive hours.  A TNC driver shall not provide transportation services for more than 12 cumulative hours within a period of 24 consecutive hours.  TNC’s must provide a passenger, prior to the passenger entering the vehicle of a TNC driver, with a photo of the driver and the license plate of the driver’s vehicle.","A TNC must inspect or cause to be inspected every vehicle used by a driver to provide transportations services before allowing the driver to use the vehicle to provide transportations services.  Additional inspections must be conducted not less than once each year thereafter. Each inspection must include an inspection of the foot and emergency brakes, steering, windshield, rear window, other glass, windshield wipers, headlights, tail lights, turn indicator lights, braking lights, front seat adjustment mechanism, doors, horn, speedometer, bumpers, muffler, exhaust, tires, rear view mirrors and safety belts of the vehicle which ensures the proper functioning of each component. Additionally, the motor vehicle used by the driver must not have less than four doors, must not be designed to carry more than eight passengers (including the driver), and must not be a tractor, mobile home, recreational vehicle, semitractor, semitrailer, trailer, bus, motorcycle or tow car. (AB 176 sec. 31)","TNC vehicles must have affixed to the lower passenger-side corner of the windshield an inconspicuous, nontransferable decal which identifies the permit number of the TNC with which the vehicle is affiliated. While a driver is on call, the driver’s vehicle must bear the trade dress of the TNC. (TNC regulations LCB File R029-15 sec. 25)","No age requirement. However, transport vehicle must have no less than 4 doors, cannot be designed to carry more than 7 passengers plus driver, and must comply with all federal, state and local laws concerning operation and maintenance of a vehicle. (AB 176, sec. 31)","\"Driver\" as defined as a natural person who operates a motor vehicle owned, leased or otherwise authorized for use by the person . . .(AB 176, sec. 18)","A TNC driver must use a vehicle that is owned, leased or otherwise authorized for use by the driver. (AB 176, sec. 18)","See AB 176, secs. 10-14","$50,000. bodily injury or death of one (1) person in any one accident.  $100,000. bodily injury or death of two (2) or ore persons in any one accident.  $25,000. for injury to or property destruction in anyone one accident. TNC may also provide additional coverage, including w/o limitation coverage for: medical payments, uninsured, underinsured motorists, comprehensive and collision. (AB 176, sec. 11)","Not less than $1,500,00.for bodily injury or death of one or more persons, or property destruction of others in any one accident.  TNC may also provide additional coverage, including  w/o limitation coverage for: medical payments, uninsured,  underinsured motorists, comprehensive and collision. (AB 176, sec. 11)","Not less than $1,500,00.for bodily injury or death of one or more persons, or property destruction of others in any one accident.  TNC may also provide additional coverage, including  w/o limitation coverage for: medical payments, uninsured,  underinsured motorists, comprehensive and collision. (AB 176, sec. 11)","Before connecting a potential passenger to the digital network or software application the TNC must: disclose the insurance coverage and limits of liability the TNC provides for the driver while providing transportation services; Notify the potential passenger that the driver's insurance, otherwise required for operating a motor vehicle, may not provide coverage for providing transportation services (this could also apply to any additional purchased comprehensive or collision insurance); disclose to the potential passenger if there is lien on the motor vehicle providing the transportation service and that providing the transportation might violate the contract between the lienholder and driver.  (AB 176, secs. 10-14)","Flexible pricing.  The TNC must disclose the rates and method of charging on its website or within its digital network or  software application. TNC must also notify NTA in advance of utilizing any new base rates. This is the only amount that can be collected by the driver. Driver can accept a voluntary gratuity.  NTA does establish a maximum fare (base rate) that may be charged during an emergency.  (AB 176 and TNC regulations LCB File R029-15, secs. 30-31)  ","TNC is required to file with the NTA the base rate applicable during an emergency declared by the Governor of Nevada. (AB 176, sec. 30)","Surge pricing allowed, but before passenger enters the motor vehicle the passenger must be offered the option to receive an estimate of the fare amount.  The exception to applicable surge pricing is when the Governor of Nevada declares a state of emergency.  TNC's must provide an electronic receipt.  Cash transactions to  pay the fare are not allowed. (AB 176 sec. 30)","While providing transportation services, driver, except as authorized by TNC or the NTA, shall not allow any other person within the vehicle unless that person is a passenger or a guest of the passenger.","TNC's are not allowed to impose any additional charge for a driver providing transportation services to a person with a physical disability because of the disability. The TNC is required to provide passengers with the opportunity to indicate whether the passenger requires transportation that is wheel chair accessible.  If the TNC cannot provide the passenger with wheel chair accessible transportation, the TNC must direct the passenger to an alternative transportation provider  with wheel chair accessibility, if available. (AB 176 sec. 32)","n/a","n/a","The NTA has enforcement authority over those operating w/o authority as well as ensuring the permitted TNC and driver are complying with the operating requirements set forth in the statutes and regulations. ",null,"Different. TNC's are specifically subject to the regulatory requirements of AB 176, and related regulations adopted by the NTA. Taxis that operate in counties with a population of less than 700,000 are subject to the jurisdiction of the NTA, but under specified provisions set forth in Chapter 706 of the Nevada Revised Statutes.  Taxis operating in counties with a population of more than 700,000 (currently only Clark County, NV), are subject to the jurisdiction and oversight of the Nevada TAXICAB Authority as specifically set forth in Chapter 706 of the Nevada Revised statutes.","TNC Regulations LCB File No. R029-15.\nAB 176 of the 78th (2015) Session of the Nevada Legislature (pending codification into a new chapter of the Nevada Revised Statutes)."]
["Ohio","The Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO) has to issue permits to TNC in order for it to use a digital network to prearrange rides between riders and TNC drivers.","Pursuant to Sub. H.B. 237 TNCs fall under the licensing jurisdiction of the PUCO.","TNCs are regulated as a whole.","No explicit requirements are listed. Once the TNC fulfills the statutory obligations contained in O.R.C. 4925.02 the PUCO \"shall issue\" a permit.","Once the PUCO issues the permit, the TNC is able to operate on a statewide basis.","Sub. H.B. 237 as codified in sections 3938.01-3938.04, 4925.01-4925.10","Pro-competition while also promoting the need for protection of the public utilizing this service.","The TNC, amongst other things, must submit a permit fee of $5,000.00. The license is good for one year commencing on the date of issuance.","The TNC shall not authorize a person to act as a TNC driver if the following appear through a search of a multi-state/multi jurisdiction criminal records database, search of the US DOJ national sex offender public web site, and/or through the review of a driving history report\nd","TNC's must conduct a background check on an applicant seeking to serve as a TNC driver and obtain and review a driver history report for the person.\n\nThe background check will include a multi-state/multi-jurisdiction criminal records database. Also required is a search of the U.S. DOJ national sex offender public website.\n\nDisqualifications:\n\nTNCs must refuse any applicant that:\n\nWithin the past three years, the person has been convicted of, or pleaded guilty to, more than three violations of the laws related to any of the following: physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence, texting while driving, speeding, street racing, unsafely passing another vehicle, driving left of center, failure to signal, failure to yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian, driving on a sidewalk, or failure to stop for a school bus.\n\nWithin the past three years, the person has been convicted of, or pleaded guilty to, any serious vehicle-related offense, including a violation of the laws regarding: evading the police in a motor vehicle, driving under a suspended license, operating a motor vehicle without a valid license, or operating a vehicle in willful or wanton disregard of the safety of persons or property.\n\nWithin the past seven years, the person has been convicted of, or pleaded guilty to, any of the following: operating a vehicle under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or a combination of both; the commission of any felony offense while operating, or being a passenger in, a motor vehicle; a theft or fraud offense; a property damage offense; a sex offense; a specified offense of violence; or a specified act of terrorism.\n\nA search of the U.S. Department of Justice national sex offender public website indicates that the person is identified as a sex offender","See info box under \"Driving History Record Check\"\n\nAdditionally the legislation specifically prohibits all TNC drivers from logging into the TNC's digital network or providing TNC services while under the influence of any amount of alcohol or drug of abuse.","N/A","TNC drivers must be 19 years or older, possess a valid driver's license, possess a valid certification of motor vehicle registration, and possess automobile liability insurance (unless the TNC provides insurance on behalf of the driver)","Nothing specifically enumerated in TNC legislation. General automobile requirements in the state would be applicable.","The name of the TNC needs to be prominently displayed on the vehicle that will provide the TNC service.","No statutory requirements.","Personal vehicle means a vehicle to which all of the following apply :\n\n(1) The vehicle is used by a transportation network company driver.\n(2) The vehicle is owned , leased, or otherwise authorized for use by the transportation network company driver .\n(3) The vehicle is not a taxicab or other similar vehicle for hire, unless the vehicle is being used to provide transportation network company services on behalf of a transportation network company that has been issued a permit under section 4925.02 of the Revised Code.\n(4) The vehicle is not a chauffeured limousine or a vehicle being operated pursuant to a ridesharing arrangement .","The vehicle utilized by the TNC driver may be leased.","The statute related to TNCs only require that coverage is available during the following periods of time:\n\n(1) while the driver is logged on to the TNC digital network\n\n(2) While the driver is engaged in TNC services","Primary automobile insurance shall be maintained in the following amounts:\n\n(1) At least fifty thousand dollars because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one accident;\n\n(2) At least one hundred thousand dollars because of bodily injury or death of two or more persons in any one accident;\n\n(3) At least twenty-five thousand dollars because of injury to property of others in any one accident.","Primary automobile insurance shall be maintained in an amount of at least one million dollars because of bodily injury or death of one or more persons or injury to property of others in any one accident.","Primary automobile insurance shall be maintained in an amount of at least one million dollars because of bodily injury or death of one or more persons or injury to property of others in any one accident.","The TNC must disclose in writing to the driver both of the following:\n\n(1) The insurance coverage, including the types of coverage and limits for each type of coverage, that the TNC provides while the driver uses a personal vehicle in connection with TNC services\n\n(2) That, depending on the terms of the policy, the TNC driver's own personal automobile insurance policy might not provide any coverage while the driver uses a personal vehicle to provide or be available to provide TNC services.","Flexible pricing","No tariff required.","Surge pricing permitted.","No prohibition of ride sharing.","A TNC shall provide an option on the digital network of the TNC for a potential rider to request a wheelchair-accessible vehicle. If the TNC cannot arrange such a service for a potential rider who requests a wheelchair-accessible vehicle, the TNC shall direct the potential ridder to another provider if possible.","N/A","N/A","The PUCO presumably has ultimate enforcement authority. As currently drafted, the TNC legislation permits the PUCO to adopt rules to implement the requirements of the law.","N/A","Taxis and TNC fall under separate provisions in the Ohio Revised Code. Regulations of TNCs, with the recent legislation, are now statewide.","Sub. H.B. 237 as codified in sections 3938.01-3938.04, 4925.01-4925.10"]
["Washington","TNCs are addressed at the state level in the area of establishing  insurance requirements primarily.  Before a driver accepts a requested ride: $50,000 per person; $100,000 per accident; and $30,000 for property damage; and after a driver accepts a requested ride: a combined single limit liability coverage of $1,000,000; and underinsured motorist coverage of $1,000,000. Commercial transportation services insurance policies must offer personal injury protection\ncoverage, and underinsured motorist coverage, in line with existing motor vehicle insurance law.  The regulations are administered through the Department of Licensing.","TNC service does not fit squarely within any of the existing motor carrier categories in our regulations. Some individual cities have allowed TNCs to operate under temporary or \"pilot\" programs.  The city of Seattle is involved in litigation regarding minimum wage requirements and TNC's claim that the regulations are overly restrictive.  Uber currently charges a \"rate\" and has a \"service area\" at the Seattle International Airport which is being evaluated.  The evaluation process before the airport decision by Uber to establish rates and a service area involved a legal review by counsel.","As stated in column \"B\" WA regulates TNC's for insurance primarily through the Department of Licensing.  Individual cities have developed local rules such as the example stated in Column \"C\" Seattle.    ","WA has public interest language in it's statutes. ","Statewide for insurance.  Individual cities have exerted jurisdiction but there is sometimes conflict between cities that are near one another or a city and a county.","The first legislative activity addressing TNCs was heard in the 2015 session and passed but was very contentious with a lot of interest by taxi's.  ","The state has not ruled on this but the insurance standards are open to all that meet the requirements.  Cities have generally allowed competition.  ","City level outside of registering with the Department of Licensing for insurance. ","Criminal Background Checks","Driving History Record Check","Not at the state level","Not at the state level",null,"Local option available",null,"Local option available","\"Personal vehicle\" means a vehicle that is used by a commercial transportation services provider driver in connection with providing services for a commercial transportation services provider and that is authorized by the commercial transportation services provider.",null,"Minimum state requirements for all personal vehicles.","Before a driver accepts a requested ride: $50,000 per person; $100,000 per accident; and $30,000 for property damage","after a driver accepts a requested ride: a combined single limit liability coverage of $1,000,000; and underinsured motorist coverage of $1,000,000","after a driver accepts a requested ride: a combined single limit liability coverage of $1,000,000; and underinsured motorist coverage of $1,000,000","If the driver is logged in to the digital network or software application of more than one commercial transportation services provider but has not been matched with a passenger, the liability must be divided equally among all of the applicable insurance policies that specifically provide coverage for commercial transportation services.","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A","N/A",null,null,"Different","Commercial trans. Providers  RCW 46.72, RCW 48, RCW 48.22.030, RCW 48.22.085, RCW 48.22.095, RCW 51.12.020, RCW 51.12.185 "]

{"sheet":"Sheet1","index":1,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}